General Author Guidelines

1. The Manuscript should be written in Indonesian or English and have never been published or is not in the process of submission for publication to other media and does not contain elements of plagiarism.
2. The Manuscript may take the form of research, case studies, or literary studies.
3. The author should register as an author. The guides to register and submit the paper is shown at the end of this page.
4. The Manuscript will be published in Jurnal Komando: Kompetensi Manajemen dan Organisasi (Bisnis dan Pertahanan) after being reviewed by peer-reviewers.
5. The Manuscript should be prepared according to the following author guidelines and Template. The manuscript template can be downloaded here.

Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

Structure of the manuscripts

1. Title. The title should be short, clear, and informative, but does not exceed 20 words. It has to be pinpoint with the issues discussed. The article title does not contain any uncommon abbreviations. The main ideas should be written first and followed by its explanations.
2. Author’s names and institutions. The author's names should be accompanied by the author's institutions, zip code of institution, country, and email addresses, without any academic titles and job title.
3. Abstract. Abstract contains a brief description of the problem and research objectives, methods used, and research results and contributions. Abstract consists of 150 - 200 words, written on the first page of the manuscript. The emphasis on writing abstracts is mainly on research results. Abstract written in Indonesian and in English. Abstract typing is done with 1.15 spacing with narrower margins than the right and left margins of the main text.
4. Keywords. Keywords need to be included to describe the area of the problem being researched and the main terms that underlie the implementation of the research. Keywords can be single words or combinations of words. The number of keywords 3-5 words. These keywords are required for computerization. Searching for research titles and abstracts is made easier with these keywords.
5. Introduction. The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance. The current state of the research field should be reviewed carefully, and key publications cited. Please highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly mention the main aim of the work and highlight the principal conclusions. As far as possible, please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of research. References should be cited as (Kamba, 2018) or (Marchlewska et al., 2019) or (Cichocka, 2016; Hidayat & Khalika, 2019; Ikhwan, 2019; Madjid, 2002) or (Miller & Josephs, 2009, p. 12) or Rakhmat (1989). See the end of the document for further details on references. Technical terms should be defined. Symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms should be defined the first time they are used. All tables and figures should be cited in numerical order. The research method should be included in the Introduction. The method contains an explanation of the research approach, subjects of the study, the conduct of the research procedure, the use of materials and instruments, data collection, and analysis techniques.
6. Literature Review. This section describes a summary of the theoretical studies related to the problem under study. The length of the introduction is about 2-3 pages and is typed with 1 space.
7. Research Methods. Basically, this section describes how the research was conducted. The main materials of this section are (1) research design; (2) population and sample (research objectives); (3) data collection techniques and instrument development; (4) and data analysis techniques. For research that uses tools and materials, it is necessary to write down the specifications of the tools and materials. Tool specifications describe the sophistication of the tools used while material specifications describe the types of materials used.
8. Research Result and Discussion. This section is the main part of the research article and is usually the longest part of an article. The research results presented in this section are “net” results. Data analysis processes such as statistical calculations and hypothesis testing processes do not need to be presented. Only the results of analysis and results of hypothesis testing need to be reported. Tables and graphs can be used to clarify the presentation of research results verbally. Tables and graphs should be commented on or discussed. For qualitative research, the results section contains detailed sections in the form of sub-topics directly related to the research focus and categories. The discussion in the article aims to: (1) answer the problem formulation and research questions; (2) show how the findings were obtained; (3) interpret/interpret the findings; (4) link research findings with established knowledge structures; and (5) generating new theories or modifying existing theories. In answering the problem formulation and research questions, the research results must be concluded explicitly. Interpretation of the findings is done by using logic and existing theories. Findings in the form of facts in the field are integrated/related to the results of previous research or existing theories. For this purpose, there must be a reference. In generating new theories, old theories can be confirmed or rejected, some may need to modify theories from old theories. In an article, it is sometimes unavoidable to organize the writing of research results into "sub-headings". The following is how to write the organizing format, which shows how to write special things that cannot be separated from an article.
   

   Number of Pages
   The minimum number of pages is 15 sheets excluding Bibliography.
   Abbreviations and Acronyms
   Common abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, MKS, CGS, Sc, dc, and rms do not need to be explained what they stand for. However, an acronym that is not well known or an acronym made by the author needs to be given a description of what it stands for. For example, The MiKiR (Interactive, Collaborative, and Reflective Multimedia) learning model can be used to practice mastery of problem-solving skills. Do not use abbreviations or acronyms in the title of the article, unless it is unavoidable.
   Tables and Figures
   Place table labels above the table, and image labels at the bottom of the table. Write down specific tables, for example Table 1, when referring to a table. Examples of writing tables and descriptions of figures are as follows.
   Quotations and References
   One of the characteristics of a scientific article is presenting other people's ideas to strengthen and enrich the author's ideas. Ideas that have been previously expressed by other people are referred to (referenced), and the source of reference is included in the Bibliography. The bibliography must be complete and in accordance with the references presented in the body of the article. That is, the sources written in the bibliography are referred to in the body of the article. Instead, all references that have been mentioned in the article must be included in the bibliography. The bibliography is arranged alphabetically, and the way of writing is according to the rules specified in the journal. The rules for writing citations, references, and bibliography follow the American Psychological Association 7th Edition style format (For more information on APA 7th Edition: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples)
   Bibliography Writing
   The bibliography is a list of written works read by the author in preparing the article and then used as a reference. In scientific articles, a bibliography must exist as a complement to references and reference sources. Bibliography writing follows the rules in this Manual. The bibliography is arranged alphabetically by the name of the first author or the name of the institution whose work is cited. References follow the American Psychological Association 7th Edition style format (More information on APA 7th Edition: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples). The bibliography must be prepared using the Mendeley reference manager.
   Acknowledgements
   In this section, you can acknowledge any support given, which is not covered by the author's contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments).

9. Conclusions and Suggestions.
   Conclusion
   Conclusions present a summary of the description of the results and discussion, referring to the research objectives. Based on these two things, new main ideas are developed which are the essence of the research findings.
   Suggestion
   Suggestions are prepared based on the research findings that have been discussed. Suggestions can refer to practical actions, the development of new theories, and/or further research.
10. References. The literature listed in the References contains only the sources referenced or included in the article. We recommend preparing the references with a bibliography software package, such as Mendeley, EndNote, Reference Manager, or Zotero to avoid typing mistakes and duplicated references. Referral sources should provide 80% of journal articles, proceedings, or research results from the last five years. Writing techniques bibliography, using the system cite APA (American Psychological Association) Style and the 7th edition.